The problem is that we attempt to solve the simplest questions
cleverly, thereby rendering them unusually complex.
One should seek the simple solution. –Anton Chekhov

Perhaps it is human nature to overcomplicate things. As we consider all the causes, influences and relationships inherent in any problem we often get overwhelmed and paralyzed. Communication, branding or marketing problems are especially complicated by distribution, product, political and cultural issues that make clarity difficult.
Luckily, design is always beneficial when a problem is so complicated or intricate that it is hard to understand. Designers and writers find patterns, craft structures, define the ambiguous and sort through the details for insights and opportunities that solve problems. They find order and order leads to understanding.
Tell me what you see
One of our strongest tools for problem solving is visualization. For years we have been using our visual communication skills to outline complex problems and gain insights from responses. We visualize and let the user come to her own conclusions.
Visualization helps us see patterns in masses of data. The best infographics simplify information to inspire conversation and action. Design encourages interaction with data through visualization, which in turn encourages problem solving, finding opportunities and better communication.

Systematic methodologies, business processes and other heady aspects of marketing, like brand architecture models, are also critical paths that are best expressed visually. We will create everything from full-blown concept models to simple diagrams to communicate the problem that needs to be solved. Sometimes those visualizations are so successful that the visual ends up in the final product.
In every case, leveraging visuals and language to define the problem helps all stakeholders come to agreement. And agreement at the beginning of a problem-solving endeavor is a great place to start.